GENERATION OF COMPUTERS

GENERATION OF COMPUTERS

NRRODUCTION

The first electronic computer was designed and built at the “University of Pennsylvania” on vacuum tube technology .

Vacuum tubes were used to perform. Logic operations and store data.

Ø GENRATION’S

A generation refers to the stat of improvement or adding new featuresand upgrade of  computer technology. With each new generation computer gotten better, smaller and Faster. Then before generation’s .

It has been divided in to “ FIVE GENRATIONS ”

Ø 1 GENERATION:  1940 to 1956

Ø 2  GENERATION: 1956 to 1963

Ø 3 GENERATION: 1964 to 1971

Ø 4 GENERATION: 1971 to Present

Ø 5 GENERATION: Present and Beyond

·    1^st GENERATION

·        During The Period of 1940 to 1956 first generation of computer’s were developed.

·        The Computer use Vacuum Tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.

·        The vacuum tube was developed by Lee De Forest. A vacuum tube is a device generally used to amplify a signal by controlling the movement of electrons in an evacuated space.

·        These Computer were very expensive to operate

·        Need more electricity

·        It’s generates a lot of heat

·        First generation computer relied on machine language, the lowest level programing language, understood bycomputer to perform operation’s and they could only solve one problem at a time.

·        Input was based on punched cards and paper tape.

·        Output was displayed on Printouts.

·        Hard to program and use

The UNIVAC and ENIAC computer are the examples of  first generation computer devise. The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to a business client, the U.S census bureau in 1951

·       UNIVAC 

Universal automatic computer

·       ENIAC

Was the earliest electronic general purpose computers it was complet, Digital and able to solve “ a large class of numerical problems ”

Its weighed 30 tons contained 18,000 vacuum tubesit’s cost was $487,000.

·    2^nd GENERATION

·        During The Period of 1956 to 1963

·        The world see transistors replace by vacuum tubes in. The 2^nd generation of computer’s. The transistor was invented at bell lab’s

·        The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tubes, 

·        Allowing computer to be smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy efficient and more reliable then the first generation

·        It has a printer some sort of type or stored programs  and some sort of different memory.

·        Featured boards filled with transistors and magnetic memory cores.

·        Use of transistors give the free flow the electricity

·        It’s used in business, universities, and government

·        In these computers we use assembler language or high level program which give instruction in words mean it us program which translate

·        word in to machine language by “ COBOL and FORTON ”

·        These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in their memory, which

moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology.

·    3^rd GENERATION

·        During the period of 1964 to 1971

·        In this generation they used

Integrated circuit was the hellmark of 3^rd generation

·        Transistors were constructed in small size.

And placed on silicon chips called semiconductors, which increased the speed and efficiency of computer

·         

·        Input and output were change in this generation instead of punch card and print out first time they use keyboard and monitors.

·        First time become accessible to public

·    4^th GENERATION

·        During the Period of 1971 to present

·        In 4^th generation we using microprocessors

·        Thousand’s of mixed circuits were built into a single silicon chip.

·        Now entire room can fit in the palm of hand which process was failed in 1^st generation

·        It is faster, easy to use and more power full then other old generations

·        In 1971, THE INTEL developed 4004 chip located in computer “ CPU ” and memory input / output controls on a single chip

·        In 1981 “IBM” introduced it’s first computer for the home user.

·        After that “APPLE” introduced Macintosh in 1984.

·        Microprocessor also moved out and become more power full, advanced .

·        They started to linked together to form network“ Which is the start or development of internet ” .

·        Input also upgraded now keyboard, mouseetc are input device

·        Though there are some of application are voice recognition in use of to day

·        The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.

·    CPU

·        Central processing unit the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program

·    5^th GENERATION

·        Present and beyond

·        5^th generation is based on Artificial intelligence are still in development .

·        Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face of computer in next years

·        Goal of the 5^th generation of computer is development of a device that respond the natural

·        language input and capable of learning and self organization

·        PARALLEL PROCESSING

·        In the parallel processing all the application working in the same time and to reduce the time

·        ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

·        Device that perceives its environment and takes actions developed and upgrade itself

·        Complete task by Artificial intelligence

·        A machine that can work, like humans

Thank you “ END ”

CONCLUSION

v  As a result of the various improvements to the development of the computer we have seen the  computer being used in all areas of life. It is a very useful tool that will continue to experience new development as time passes.

v  Computers are used in various areas of our life. Education, entertainment, sports, advertising, medicine, science and engineering, government, office and home are some of the application areas of the computers.